/ $NetBSD: units.lib,v 1.30 2022/11/20 14:53:14 jakllsch Exp $ / primitive units m !a! kg !b! sec !c! coul !d! candela !e! dollar !f! bit !h! erlang !i! K !j! / prefixes quetta- 1e30 ronna- 1e27 yotta- 1e24 zetta- 1e21 exa- 1e18 peta- 1e15 tera- 1e12 giga- 1e9 mega- 1e6 myria- 1e4 kilo- 1e3 hecto- 1e2 deka- 1e1 deci- 1e-1 centi- 1e-2 milli- 1e-3 micro- 1e-6 nano- 1e-9 pico- 1e-12 femto- 1e-15 atto- 1e-18 zopto- 1e-21 yocto- 1e-24 ronto- 1e-27 quecto- 1e-30 semi- .5 demi- .5 Q- quetta R- ronna Y- yotta Z- zetta E- exa P- peta T- tera G- giga M- mega k- kilo h- hecto da- deka d- deci c- centi m- milli p- pico f- femto a- atto z- zopto y- yocto r- ronto q- quecto / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / constants fuzz 1 pi 3.14159265358979323846 c 2.99792458e+8 m/sec fuzz e 1.6021917e-19 coul fuzz k 1.38047e-16 erg/degC planck 6.626e-34 joule-sec hbar 1.055e-34 joule-sec mole 6.022169e+23 fuzz g 9.80665 m/sec2 / conversion factors used as adjectives energy c2 force g mercury 1.33322e+5 kg/m2-sec2 hg mercury / standard ratios % 1|100 percent % / proof is specific to alcohol concentration proof 1|200 / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / counts dozen 12 bakersdozen 13 score 20 gross 144 / quire and ream are specific to counting sheets of paper quire 25 ream 500 / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / angles radian .5 / pi degree 1|180 pi-radian circle 2 pi-radian turn 2 pi-radian revolution turn rev turn grade .9 degree arcdeg 1 degree arcmin 1|60 arcdeg arcsec 1|60 arcmin centesimalminute 1e-2 grade centesimalsecond 1e-4 grade / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / solid angles steradian radian2 sphere 4 pi-steradian sr steradian spat 4 pi sr / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Time / SI unit second sec s sec / special-case abbreviations ms millisec ns nanosec us microsec / civil timekeeping minute 60 sec min minute hour 60 min hr hour day 24 hr da day week 7 day fortnight 14 da month 1|12 year mo month year 365.24219879 day fuzz yr year decade 10 yr century 100 year millennium 1000 year / astronomical details siderealyear 365.256360417 day siderealday 23.934469444 hour siderealhour 1|24 siderealday lunarmonth 29.5305555 day synodicmonth lunarmonth siderealmonth 27.32152777 day tropicalyear year solaryear year lunaryear 12 lunarmonth / misc sigma microsec / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Frequency hertz /sec Hz hertz hz /sec khz 1e+3 /sec mhz 1e+6 /sec rpm rev/minute rps rev/sec fresnel 1e12 hertz pulsatance 2 pi/sec / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Mass and weight gram millikg gramme gram gm gram mg milligram metricton kilokg tonne 1e+6 gm atomicmassunit 1.66044e-27 kg fuzz amu atomicmassunit dalton amu electronmass 9.1095e-31 kg protonmass 1.6726e-27 kg neutronmass 1.6606e-27 kg carat 205 mg metriccarat 200 mg quintal 100 kg / Avoirdupois weight lb .45359237 kg pound lb ounce 1|16 lb oz ounce dram 1|16 oz dr dram grain 1|7000 lb gr grain stone 14 lb shortton 2000 lb ton shortton longton 2240 lb bag 94 lb cental 100 lb longhundredweight 112 lb longquarter 28 lb pennyweight 1|20 oz pwt pennyweight shorthundredweight 100 lb shortquarter 25 lb weymass 252 lb / Related mass units / / According to Wikipedia there are two definitions for hyl, one using / grams and one using kilograms. beware hyl gm force sec2/m slug lb-g-sec2/ft / Apothecary weight scruple 20 grain apdram 60 grain drachm 60 grain apounce 480 grain appound 5760 grain troypound appound troyounce 1|12 troypound / Thai weight salueng 3.75 gm baht 4 salueng tamlueng 4 baht chang 20 tamlueng hap 50 chang / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Length / SI unit meter m metre meter / special-case abbreviations cm centimeter mm millimeter km kilometer nm nanometer / other metric units angstrom decinanometer fermi 1e-15 m micron micrometer / space-sized lengths au 1.49597871e+11 m fuzz astronomicalunit au lightyear c-yr parsec au-radian/arcsec pc parsec / English system lengths inch 2.54 cm in inch foot 12 in feet foot ft foot yard 3 ft yd yard mile 5280 ft mi mile league 3 mi mil 1e-3 in / nautical / / Historically, the nautical mile was 6080 feet (6080.2 in England) / but was changed to 1852 meters (6076 feet and change) in the 20th / century with varying dates of adoption around the world. / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile / / The US cable is 720 feet. The international cable is 1/10 nautical / mile, which is substantially shorter. The UK Admiralty cable is / apparently 1/10 of a historical Admiralty nautical mile, which is / 1853.2 instead of 1852 meters. These definitions date from the 20th / century. Historically, a cable was 100 fathoms, but the fathom / hadn't yet been fixed at 6 feet, so cables weren't a fixed length / either. / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_(unit) / fathom 6 ft nmile 1852 m nauticalmile nmile marineleague 3 nmile cable 1|10 nmile uscable 720 ft admiraltycable 185.32 m / surveying / / The US survey foot is defined as 1200/3937 meters, as opposed to the / ordinary international foot, which is 0.3048 meter (that's exactly / 2.54 cm to the inch as defined above.) These differ slightly. / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_(unit) / / In the US, rods, chains, and furlongs are defined in terms of survey / feet, though the Wikipedia page on furlongs claims without citation / that some states use one definition and some the other. However, it / appears that as of 2022 this definition is on the way out, and other / jurisdictions define these units (to the extent they're used at all) / in terms of the international foot. / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_(unit) / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furlong_(unit) / / Consequently we'll make two sets of definitions and prefix the / variant US ones with "us". / / Since historically this file defined "surveyfoot" and "surveyyard" / but "surveyorschain" and "surveyorslink", we will now end up with / several sets for consistency. / surveyfoot 1200|3937 meter surveyyard 3 surveyfoot rod 5.5 yard rd rod perch rod pole rod chain 66 foot link 1|100 chain furlong 220 yard usrod 5.5 surveyyard usperch usrod uspole usrod uschain 66 surveyfoot uslink 1|100 uschain usfurlong 220 surveyyard surveyorsfoot surveyfoot surveyorsyard surveyyard surveyorsrod usrod surveyorschain uschain surveyorslink uslink / These are the same as the basic ones based on the international foot. / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunter's_chain / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_units guntersrod rod gunterschain chain gunterslink link / typographical pica 1|6 in point 1|72 in / data centers and machine rooms rackunit 1.75 in RU rackunit U rackunit / physics bohrradius hbar2-C2/8.988e9 N m2-e2-electronmass / miscellaneous/historical/obscure English units line 1|12 in barleycorn 1|3 in finger 7|8 in nail 1|16 yd palm 3 in hand 4 in quarter 9 in span 9 in cubit 18 in militarypace 2.5 feet pace 36 in ell 45 in smoot 67 in rope 20 ft bolt 40 yd skein 120 yd spindle 14400 yd / more ells flemishell 27 inch scottishell 37.2 inch englishell 45 inch / I can't find supporting evidence for this definition. rood 1.21e+3 yd / other geodeticfoot surveyfoot geographicalmile 1852 m engineerschain 100 ft engineerslink 100|100 ft / note that while caliber is technically a unit, caliber sizes for ammunition / are usually short names for more complicated specifications. caliber 1e-2 in frenchfoot 16|15 ft frenchfeet frenchfoot toise 6 frenchfeet parasang 3.5 mi / Thai length krabiat 0.5208 cm nio 4 krabiat khuep 12 nio sok 2 khuep wah 4 sok sen 20 wah yot 400 sen / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Speed admiraltyknot 6080 ft/hr knot nmile/hr mph mile/hr / The speed of sound varies substantially with density, and thus / both pressure and temperature. This number appears to be for / 0 degrees Celsius at sea level. The value is considerably lower / at typical flight altitudes for high-performance aircraft. mach 331.46 m/sec / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Area / metric are 1e+2 m2 hectare 1e+4 m2 / English sabin 1 ft2 square 100 ft2 acre 4840 yd2 homestead 1|4 mi2 quartersection 1|4 mi2 section mi2 township 36 mi2 / particle physics barn 1e-28 m2 shed 1e-24 barn / Thai area tarangwah wah2 ngan 100 tarangwah rai 4 ngan / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Volume / metric cc cm3 liter kilocc litre liter ml milliliter stere m3 / US liquid volume gallon 231 in3 gal gallon quart 1|4 gal qt quart pint 1|2 qt pt pint cup 1|2 pt gill 1|4 pt floz 1|16 pt tablespoon 1|2 floz teaspoon 1|3 tablespoon fldr 1|8 floz minim 1|60 fldr barrel 42 gal hogshead 63 gallon hd hogshead noggin 1|8 qt fifth 4|5 qt firkin 9 gal kilderkin 18 gal pipe 4 barrel tun 8 barrel / US dry volume dry 268.8025 in3/gallon fuzz peck 8 dry-quart pk peck bushel 4 peck bu bushel strike 2 bu sack 3 bu coomb 4 bu seam 8 bu chaldron 36 bushel wey 40 bu last 80 bu cord 128 ft3 cordfoot cord / British volume imperial 1.20095 brgallon 277.420 in3 fuzz brquart 1|4 brgallon brpint 1|2 brquart brfloz 1|20 brpint brpeck 554.84 in3 fuzz brbushel 4 brpeck cran 37.5 brgallon / Bottles bottle 750 milliliter /bottle fifth miniature 100 milliliter split 1|4 bottle half 1|2 bottle magnum 2 bottle jeroboam 4 bottle rehoboam 6 bottle methuselah 8 bottle salmanazar 12 bottle balthazar 16 bottle nebuchadnezzar 20 bottle sovereign 34 bottle / Bottles - alternate names and spellings pony split fillette half tappithen 3 bottle rheoboam rehoboam shalmaneser salmanazar / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Force / SI unit newton kg-m/sec2 nt newton N newton / metric units dyne cm-gm/sec2 sthene 1e+3 nt / foot/pound units lbf lb g kip 1000 lbf poundal ft-lb/sec2 pdl poundal / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Pressure / SI unit pascal nt/m2 / metric units bar 1e+5 nt/m2 barie 1e-1 nt/m2 barye 1e-1 nt/m2 pieze 1e+3 nt/m2 / other atmosphere 1.01325e+5 nt/m2 atm atmosphere psi lb-g/in2 torr mm hg / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Energy and work (and power) joule nt-m watt joule/sec W watt cal 4.1868 joule calorie cal kcal kilocal kcalorie kilocal frigorie kilocal britishthermalunit 1.05506e+3 joule fuzz btu britishthermalunit erg cm2-gm/sec2 horsepower 550 ft-lb-g/sec hp horsepower therm 1e+5 btu thermie 1e+6 cal tnt 4.6e+6 m2/sec2 / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Temperature degC K kelvin K degF 5|9 degC degreesrankine degF degrankine degreesrankine degreerankine degF degreaumur 10|8 degC / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Electrical / SI units coulomb coul C coul ampere coul/sec amp ampere V volt volt watt/amp ohm volt/amp farad coul/volt henry sec2/farad weber volt-sec tesla weber/m2 / special-case abbreviations mh millihenry uf microfarad pf picofarad / other biot 10 amp debye 3.336e-30 coul-m faraday 9.652e+4 coul gamma 1e-9 weber/m2 gauss 1e-4 weber/m2 gilbert 7.95775e-1 amp kilohm kiloohm maxwell 1e-8 weber megohm megaohm mho /ohm oersted 2.5e+2 pi-amp/m oe oersted siemens /ohm statcoul 1|2.99792458e9 coul statamp 1|2.99792458e9 amp statvolt 2.99792458e2 volt statcoulomb statcoul statampere statamp / franklin is an alternate name for statcoulomb / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_(unit) franklin statcoul / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / more energy eV e V ev e-volt electronvolt e-volt bev 1e+9 e-volt kev 1e+3 e-volt rydberg 1.36054e+1 ev / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Radiant intensity (and related phenomena) / SI units cd candela lumen cd sr lux cd sr/m2 / Miscellaneous units apostilb cd/pi-m2 blondel cd/pi-m2 candle 1.02 candela equivalentfootcandle lumen/pi-ft2 equivalentlux lumen/pi-m2 equivalentphot cd/pi-cm2 footcandle lumen/ft2 footlambert cd/pi-ft2 hefnercandle .92 cd lambert cd/pi-cm2 nit cd/m2 nox 1e-3 lux phot lumen/cm2 skot 1e-3 apostilb stilb cd/cm2 langley cal/cm2 / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Radioactivity and radiation dosimetry / Activity becquerel /sec Bq becquerel curie 3.7e+10 /sec Ci curie rutherford 1e+6 /sec / Absorbed radiation dose gray joule/kg Gy gray rad 100 erg/gm / Equivalent radiation dose sievert joule/kg Sv sievert rem 1e-2 sievert / Legacy radiation dose roentgen 2.58e-4 coulomb/kg rontgen roentgen R roentgen / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Currency / Wall Street Journal, July 2, 1993 $ dollar argentinapeso $ australiadollar .66 $ bahraindinar 2.6522 $ brazilcruzeiro .000019 $ britainpound 1.49 $ canadadollar .77 $ czechkoruna .034 $ chilepeso .0025 $ chinarenminbi .174856 $ colombiapeso .001495 $ denmarkkrone .15 $ ecuadorsucre .000539 $ europeeuro 0.9142 $ greatbritainpound britainpound hongkongdollar .13 $ hungaryforint .011 $ indiarupee .03211 $ indonesiarupiah .0004782 $ israelshekel .3642 $ japanyen .0093 $ jordandinar 1.4682 $ kuwaitdinar 3.3173 $ lebanonpound .000578 $ malaysiaringgit .338 $ maltalira 2.6042 $ mexicopeso .3205128 $ newzealanddollar .539 $ norwaykrone .139 $ pakistanrupee .037 $ perunewsol .5065 $ philippinespeso .03738 $ polandzloty .000059 $ saudiarabiariyal .26702 $ singaporedollar .6157 $ slovakkoruna .034 $ southafricarand .21 $ southkoreawon .001 $ swedenkrona .13 $ switzerlandfranc .66 $ taiwandollar .038285 $ thailandbaht .03962 $ turkeylira .0000929 $ unitedarabdirham .2723 $ uruguaynewpeso .246852 $ venezuelabolivar .011 $ / The following currencies are locked to the Euro: / belgiumfranc 1|40.3399 euro germanymark 1|1.95583 euro spainpeseta 1|166.386 euro francefranc 1|6.55957 euro irelandpunt 1|.787564 euro italylira 1|1936.27 euro luxembourgfranc 1|40.3399 euro netherlandsguilder 1|2.20371 euro austriaschilling 1|13.7603 euro portugalescudo 1|200.482 euro finlandmarkka 1|5.94573 euro greecedrachma 1|340.750 euro mark germanymark euro europeeuro bolivar venezuelabolivar peseta spainpeseta rand southafricarand escudo portugalescudo newsol perunewsol guilder netherlandsguilder hollandguilder netherlandsguilder peso mexicopeso yen japanyen lira italylira rupee indiarupee drachma greecedrachma franc francefranc markka finlandmarkka sucre ecuadorsucre poundsterling britainpound cruzeiro brazilcruzeiro buck dollar cent centidollar fin 5 dollar / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / size of data baud bit/sec byte 8 bit block 512 byte kbyte 1024 byte megabyte 1024 kbyte gigabyte 1024 megabyte meg megabyte gig gigabyte terabyte 1024 gigabyte petabyte 1024 terabyte / //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// / Trivia and miscellaneous units arpentcan 27.52 mi arpentlin 191.835 ft boardfoot 144 in3 bottommeasure 1|40 in refrigeration 12000 btu/ton-hour caratgold 1|24 ccs 1|36 erlang cfs ft3/sec circularinch 1|4 pi-in2 circularmil 1e-6|4 pi-in2 clusec 1e-8 mm-hg m3/s crith 9.06e-2 gm diopter /m displacementton 35 ft3 doppelzentner 100 kg drop .03 cm3 galileo 1e-2 m/sec2 imaginarycubicfoot 1.4 ft3 karat 1|24 key kg lusec 1e-6 mm-hg m3/s mgd megagal/day minersinch 1.5 ft3/min mpg mile/gal poise gm/cm-sec registerton 100 ft3 rhe 10 m2/nt-sec shippington 40 ft3 stoke 1e-4 m2/sec timberfoot ft3 water gram g / cc Xunit 1.00202e-13 m brewster 1e-12 m2/newton poncelet 100 kg m g / sec denier .05|450 gram / m tex .001 gram / m iudiptheria 62.8 microgram iupenicillin .6 microgram iuinsulin 41.67 microgram cottonyarncount 2520 ft/pound linenyarncount 900 ft/pound worstedyarncount 1680 ft/pound metricyarncount meter/gram jewelerspoint 2 milligram